In the whole world, Sub-Saharan Africa is undoubtedly the most aid-dependent and indebted area. The overall international debt stock was approximately 52.5% of the GDP (gross domestic product) in 2004. During the period between 1970 and 2002, African nations collectively obtained approximately $540 million in debt. This was disclosed by a report published by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. It is worth mentioning that debt settlement and debt relief are options that are utilized in Africa for paying off both individual and business debts.

African nations paid off approximately $550 billion in principal and interest, though the unpaid debt stock at the close of 2002 was $295 billion. At the end of 2005, it was more than $300 billion. Economic experts hinted that these debts surged due to a number of reasons. Some relate the dilemma to loans that were extended by creditors without much thought on how the nations can pay them off. At the same time, others attribute it to wealthy nations that offered loans under stipulations that worked for their own interest. In addition, loans were frequently offered to incompetent governments or military governments that were no more present. Escalating interest rates and inconsistent fiscal policies had contributed to multiply these debts many times.
The condition in the Sub Saharan Africa created a problem for the whole world. From one point of view, it was apparent that these nations were not in a situation to pay off their debts without famishing whole generations. The occurrence of AIDs had raised the healthcare expenses in the region to an appalling level. Thousands of children passed away because of undernourishment and associated illnesses every year. Most of the nations in the region were disbursing more on debt servicing every year than education and health care added together. In this kind of a situation, 100% debt cancellation for these nations appeared to be the only viable option. In contrast, a number of least developed nations in Africa had wasted and misappropriated the loans offered to them in fruitless expenses rather than putting them in developmental programs. They had chosen for additional loans to pay back the previous ones, generating a spiral. This put up questions about the responsibility of both creditors and debtors.
Several economists thought that the underlying social system of these nations boosted economic disparity and the gains of loan cancellation would not reach the lowest layers of society.